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The Evolution Site The concept of natural selection as the underlying principle of evolution is the defining factor in the field of modern biology. It ties together disciplines that are as diverse as genetics microbiology and palaeontology. The study of evolution can be controversial and the misinformation that is generated can cause confusion about its fundamentals. This site can help clarify essential concepts. What is Evolution? The current conception of evolution focuses on the gradual, cumulative changes that occur within populations over time. These changes are a result of natural selection, which increases the number of organisms that have traits that are beneficial and allow them to survive and reproduce in a specific environment. The organisms that have these traits produce more offspring as a result of the positive characteristics. This could lead to a genetic mutation that could eventually lead to new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with “survival-of-the best” which implies that individuals who are better adapted to certain environmental conditions will have an advantage over those who are less well adapted. This is just one of many ways that evolution can happen. Another popular way in which the word evolution is used to suggest that a species will invariably progress from one state to the next one. This view of evolution is called anagenetic or cladogenesis. The definition of evolution that scientists have developed is not in agreement with this view. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result of mutations that produce natural selection and genetic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this view. Others, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, who developed the theory of macroevolution believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could be derived from lower ones. To be able to be considered a theory, it must be able to stand up to rigorous testing and evidence. Evolution has stood the test of time and has been proven to be valid in countless scientific disciplines from geology to biology, chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is a cornerstone of science and is believed by a majority of scientists across the globe. However, there are many misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically how it is related to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is a scientific explanation of the way living things change over time. It is based on few well-established facts: that many more offspring are born than can be surviving and that different individuals have their physical characteristics, and that they can pass on traits to future generations. These findings are supported by the increasing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology, functional morphology and geology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century as an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their biological and physical environments. It is the most widely supported and validated theory in science. Its theories have been proven out by the fact that, for instance, more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. The more successful an organism gets in terms of its longevity and reproducing the more likely it is to pass its genes on to future generations. Some people are against evolution because they believe it implies that there is no meaning to life. Many scientists who are religious such as the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and can even be enhanced by it. Many highly skilled evolutionary biologists have been involved in developing and testing the theory of evolution, including several revered evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these scientists have contributed to the understanding of a wide variety of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, and the development and function of fossils. The word “theory” which is often used incorrectly, refers to a scientific hypothesis that has been tested and refined over time. Scientists test hypotheses through repeating the experiments or observations that led them to their conclusions. Therefore, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly proven out as have the corresponding theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is 에볼루션코리아 of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the percentage of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. This change is the result of the natural selection of those who are more adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have higher chances of reproduction and survival. As more of these people survive and reproduce their genes, they become more common in the general population. This process is sometimes referred to as “survival of the most fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genomic variation are the primary material for evolution. These mutations may occur randomly or be influenced by the environment. When mutations are random, the frequency of the resultant alleles could differ from generation to generation. When a mutation is beneficial it will increase the allele frequency and cause the allele to be spread across the population. These changes in allele frequency can lead to new species over time. The new species can then continue to evolve and become newer forms. This process is called macroevolution. The formation of new species is typically a result of changes in the environment that make certain resources accessible or creates new environmental challenges. For instance, the development of finches on the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of food sources and the need protect themselves from predators. In a wider sense the term “evolution” can be described as any change in the nature of living organisms over time. This change can be small, such as the development of a new coloration, or massive, for instance, the creation of a new organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally recognize the importance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also believe that evolution is a process that takes place in time, typically over millions of years. However, they differ on the role of different factors in speeding or slowing the process, including the influence of environmental pressures sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution is real and the evidence in support of this is overwhelming. What evidence can be found for evolution? In the decades since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence that supports Darwin's theory of evolution. This evidence is gathered from fossils which show the evolution of living organisms over time. Additional evidence can be found in the similarities between living organisms, embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the best way to prove evolution. It shows how species are closely related. Homologous structures are another proof. They have a similar structure but serve different purposes in different species, for instance, the wing of a bird or bat. Evolution is evident in that different species adapt and develop to similar environments. For example, arctic-foxes and Ptarmigans wear white seasonal pelts that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolutionary, which suggests that the species have common ancestors. Another evidence point is the existence of vestige structures, which are unutilized parts of an organism that may serve a purpose in a distant ancestor. For instance, the human appendix is a vestige of a once-used organ that was used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size when they're no longer in use which is a process referred to as natural selection. Scientists have also gathered evidence of evolution through observation and experimenting. The evidence for evolution is divided into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes in biogeographic distribution as well as comparative anatomy, fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these categories offers solid evidence for the evolution of life. Many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution. But, it's an established fact. It is not a theory but a powerful collection that is based on years of observation. No matter what people believe or disbelieve about the theory of evolution, scientists continue to study and gather new information in order to further know the story of life on Earth. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how we can avoid future global catastrophes and how to use the resources of our planet. This will allow us to better serve the needs of people living on this planet.